2014菏澤語文中考試題

1. 2009年菏澤中考語文試題答案

語文試題（A）參考答案及評分標准
一、積累與運用（共20分）
1．答案：qìng 巔
評分：答對1個得1分，全對得2分。
2．答案：①「公」字後的句號應放在引號內，或將冒號改為逗號。
② 第一個句號應改為分號。
評分：答對1個得1分，共2分。
3．答案示例：① 同舟共濟 ② 眾志成城
評分：答對一個得1分，共2分。
4．示例：我仰望星空,它是那樣寥廓而深邃；那無窮的真理，讓我苦苦地求索、追隨。
我仰望星空,它是那樣庄嚴而聖潔；那凜然的正義，讓我充滿熱愛、感到敬畏。
我仰望星空,它是那樣自由而寧靜；那博大的胸懷,讓我的心靈棲息、依偎。
我仰望星空,它是那樣壯麗而光輝；那永恆的熾熱，讓我心中燃起希望的烈焰、響起春雷。
評分：意思對即可得2分。
5．答案：羅曼•羅蘭 列夫•托爾斯泰
評分：每空1分，共2分。
6. 答案示例：清明節公歷4月5日前後 祭奠祖先、緬懷先人的節日，是認祖歸宗的紐帶；更是一個遠足踏青、親近自然、催護新生的儀式。借問酒家何處有，牧童遙指杏花村。
評分：節日及日期1分,相關習俗（兩種）及內含2分, 相關詩歌名句2分,共5分。
7. 答案： ① 有朋自遠方來 不亦樂乎 ② 鳶飛戾天者 經綸世務者 ③ 此中有真意 欲辨已忘言 ④ 幾處早鶯爭暖樹 誰家新燕啄春泥 ⑤ 示例：海內存知己 天涯若比鄰
評分：每小題1分，出現錯別字或添字、漏字該題不得分，共5分。
二、閱讀（共50分）
8．答案：寫出了詩人與親朋音訊隔絕的現實，更突出了詩人的思家之切。
評分：每個要點1分，共2分。意思對即可。
9．答案：詩人因為自己被貶謫又逃歸的特殊身份不敢向從家鄉來的人問訊；表現了詩人想問又不敢問的矛盾而焦慮復雜的心情。
評分：每個要點1分，共2分。意思對即可。
10.答案：① 因為 ② 說出
評分：每小題1分，共2分。意思對即可。
11.答案：① 看到溪水像北斗星那樣曲折，像蛇那樣蜿蜒前行，時隱時現。
② 美好的樹木與奇異的山竹投下的陰影，互相遮映。
評分：每小題2分，共4分。意思對即可。
12.答案：甲文：清澈透明，側面（間接）描寫 乙文：水流湍急，正面（直接）描寫
評分：每小題2分，共4分。意思對即可。
13.答案：借景抒情 例如甲文借描寫小石潭的幽美、凄寒，表達了作者孤寂悲涼的心境。
評分：共2分。意思對即可。
14.答案：主要抓住手和臉的局部特徵；突出於勒生活窘迫，處境艱難。
評分：每一問1分，共2分。意思對即可。
15.答案：強調了「我」與於勒的血緣關系；表現了「我」對於勒的深切同情；刻畫了「我」既想相認，但迫於父母態度又不敢相認的矛盾心理。
評分：每個要點1分，共3分。意思對即可。
16.答案：表現出「我」的單純、善良、和富於同情心；表現菲利普一家經濟拮據；表現菲利普夫婦的愛慕虛榮、自私、勢利和無情。
評分：每個要點1分，共3分。意思對即可。
17.答案：中國畫、中國傳統建築、武術和中國古典小說。
評分：答對兩個得1分，共2分。
18.答案：整句和散句相結合,並運用了排比、對偶和比喻等修辭方法，簡潔生動。
評分：語言特點2分，作用1分，意思對即可，共3分。
19.答案：《水滸傳》先是以不同人物為線索分別來寫，後眾好漢聚義梁山。全文結構就像河流一樣，一條條支流先後匯入幹流。因而這種小說結構形式被稱為「水脈系結構」。
評分：意思對即可，共2分。
20.答案示例：將北京的「京」字演化為舞動的人體，展現著中華漢字所呈現出的東方思想和民族氣韻，傳遞著華夏文明所獨具的人文特質和優雅品格。
評分：意思大體正確即可得分，共3分。
21.答案：含義：覓句①是指詩歌創作的構思立意、斟詞酌句；覓句②是指科學探索和研究。
評分：含義答對一處得1分，共2分。意思對即可。
22.答案：共通之處：需要捕捉靈感；要忘我投入，付出艱辛；需要提煉材料，抽納規律；都應是對真的好奇和對美的欣賞。
評分：共通之處答對1個要點得1分，共4分。要求語言簡練。
23.答案：龐卡立的話意為：科學研究要透過事物的外在表象發現事物的本質和規律，由 零散的材料找到事物的內在聯系。愛因斯坦的話意為：科學探索的歷程要經過迷茫——希望——探索——發現這樣一個不斷反復、曲折艱辛的歷程。
評分：答對得2分，意思對即可。
24.答案：現實世界；理想的世界。科學家和詩人的理想與現實充滿矛盾。
評分：答對含義得2分，答對立場得2分，共4分。其他答案意思對即可。
25.答案示例：①不生硬說教，讓讀者從事實中領悟道理。如闡述科學探索要善於捕捉靈感、要忘我投入的見解時，便是如此。②論證方法多樣。或舉例，或引用，或表明看法，不拘格套；運用類比闡述不同事物之間的聯系，易於把握事物的特點和規律，如將科學探索與求詩覓句作類比；運用比喻使深奧的科學道理變得生動形象，通俗易懂。如用石頭與房子的關系比喻事實與科學的關系。
評分：答對一點得2分，共4分。其他答案符合題意即可。
三、寫作（共50分）
略

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4. 最新版菏澤市中招英語考試模擬試題（三）及答案

第一部分：聽力（共兩節，滿分30分） 做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束後，你將有兩分鍾的時間將試卷上的答案轉塗到答題卡上。第一節 （共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話後有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，並標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話後，你都有10秒鍾的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：How much is the shirt A．￡19.15. B．￡9.15. C．￡9.18. 答案是B.1. How much will the man pay for the ticketsA. ￡7.5. B. ￡15. C. ￡50.2. Which is the right gate for the man's flightA. Gate 16. B. Gate 22. C. Gate 25.3. How does the man feel about going to school by bikeA. Happy. B. Tired. C. Worried.4. When can the man get the computersA. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday5. What does the man think of the shirt for the partyA. The size is not large enough. B. The material is not good. C. The color is not suitable. 第二節 （共15小題；每題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白後有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，並標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鍾；聽完後，每小題將給出5秒鍾的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6. What can we learn about Mr. BrownA. He is in his office. B. He is at a meeting. C. He is out for a meeting.7. What will the man probably do nextA. Call back. B. Come again. C. Leave a message.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8. What kind of room does the man want to takeA. A single room. B. A double room. C. A room for three.9. What does the man need to put in the formA. Telephone and student card numbers.B. Student card number and address.C. Address and telephone number.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10. What is the relationship between the speakersA. Fellow clerks. B. Boss and secretary.C. Customer and salesperson.11. What does the man like about his jobA. Living close to the office.B. Chances to go abroad.C. Nice people to work with.12. What do we know about the womanA. She likes traveling.B. She is new to the company.C. She works in public relations.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13. When will the visitors comeA. In March. B. In April. C. In May. 14. How many visitors are comingA. 8. B. 10. C. 12.15 What will the visitors do on the second dayA. Go to a party. B. Visit schools. C. Attend a lecture. 16. Where will the visitors go on the final dayA. To London B. To Scotland C. To the coast.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17. What is the first word the baby tried to sayA. Truck. B. Ok. C. Duck. 18. How old was the baby when he learned to say that word correctlyA. About 18 months. B. About 21 months. C. About 24 months.19. What did the father do when the baby screamed that word at the airportA. He corrected the baby.B. He tried to stop the baby.C. He hid himself somewhere. 20. Why did the mother pretend not to know the babyA. She got angry with the father.B. She was frightened by the noise.C. She felt uneasy about the noisy baby. 第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節, 滿分45分）第一節：單項填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C .whichever D. whenever 答案是B.2l. The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live22. We______the last bus and didn't have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.A. reached B. lost C. missed D. caught23. See the flags on top of the building That was______ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What24. There's no light on - they______ be at home.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't25.- Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bank is, please －______ Oh yes! It's past the office, next to a big market.A. Mm, let me think. B. Oh, I beg your pardonC. You're welcome. D. What do you mean26. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.A. so B. that C. it D. them27. Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ______ his leg.A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck28. ______he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although29. The water ______ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels30. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith - Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one31. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ______ yesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened32. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising33. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what34. - I wonder if I could possibly use your car for tonight -______. I'm not using it anyhow.A. Sure, go head B. I don't know C. Yes, indeed D. I don't care35. Mary, ______ here - everybody else, stay where you are.A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming第二節 完型填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，撐握其大意，然後從36—55各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項 On a hot summer day in last August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront cafe on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in 36 air. Crowded. Tempers(脾氣) of both the tourists and waiters had 37 to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment(環境). At the table next to mine sat an attractive, 38 couple, waiting for 39 . They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed. Suddenly they stood, picked up their 40 and stepped together 41 the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water. The man stepped 42 for the two chairs. He politely 43 his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. All people around laughed and cheered.44 appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to 45 the table and take their 46 , and then walked back to the 47 cheers of the rest of his 48 . Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went 49 into the water to 50 the wine. The couple toasted(祝酒) each other, the waiter and the crowd. And the crowd 51 by cheering and throwing flowers to them. Three other tables 52 to have lunch in the water. The place was now filled with laughter. One doesn』t step into water in one』s best summer clothes. Why not Customers are not served 53 . Why not Sometimes one should consider 54 the line of convention(常規) and enjoy 55 to the fullest.36. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin37. A. managed B. expected C. attempted D. risen38. A. lonely B. curious C. well-dressed D. bad-tempered39. A. cheers B. service C. attention D. flowers40. A. metal table B. empty bottle C. chairs D. bags41. A. on B. off C. around D. along42. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back43. A. led B. seated C. watched D. received44. A. The manager B. A friend C. A waiter D. The servant45. A. set B. wash C. remove D. check46. A. menu B. bill C. food D. order47. A. loud B. anxious C. familiar D. final48. A. tourists B. customers C. fellows D. assistants49. A. at last B. in time C. once more D. as well50. A. change B. drink C. sell D. serve51. A. replied B. insisted C. agreed D. understood52. A. prepared B. joined in C. settled up D. continued53. A. with pleasure B. in the cafe C. int the sea D. with wine54. A. following B. keeping C. limiting D. crossing55. A. life B. wine C. lunch D. time第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題，每題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項,並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。A Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds (灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好鬥的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children. Greyhounds can live for 12 – 14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don』t need a lot of space, don』t make a lot of noise, and don』t eat a lot for their size. Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these. Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they』re slim (苗條的) they don』t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold, especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.56. The text is written mainly______.A. to tell people how to raise greyhoundsB. to let people know more about greyhoundsC. to explain why greyhounds are aggressiveD. to describe greyhounds of different colors57. It can be inferred that greyhounds_______.A. love big doghousesB. like staying in bed all dayC. make the best guard dogsD. need some exercise outdoors58. Why does the author say that greyhounds make great petsA. They are big in size.B. They live a very long life.C. They can run races for some time.D. They are quiet and easy to look after.59. If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important________.A. to keep it slimB. to keep it warmC. to take special care of its legsD. to take it to animal doctors regularlyB Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station(加油站)about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend's We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card. I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful. Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery(電池)was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership - a shop selling cars - was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom. "Just how friendly is Friendly Ford" I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment, so when I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said. "Thank you" - two powerful words. They're easy to say and mean so much.60. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City_________.A. to visit a friendB. to see his parentsC. to pay at the cash registerD. to have more gas for his car61. The words 「took off」 underlined in Paragraph 2 mean 「______」.A. turned offB. moved offC. put upD. set up62. What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his carA. He had it pulled back to the gas station.B. The couple sent him a business card.C. The couple offered to help him.D. He called his friend for help.63. The battery of the author』s car was dead because_______.A. something went wrong with the lightsB. the meeting lasted a whole dayC. he forgot to turn off the lightsD. he drove too long a distance64. By telling his own experiences, the author tries to show______.A. how to write a thank-you letterB. how to deal with car problemsC. the kind-heartedness of older peopleD. the importance of expressing thanksC A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking. Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant(顯著的) problem. The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation(動機), we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might rece motivation, especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different. Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining(保持) or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.65. What is the text mainly aboutA. Foreign students have more problems.B. There are many ways to improve English.C. Teaching should meet students』 needs.D. English learning problems should be studied again.66. Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students________.A. had to write their papersB. became better at speakingC. became less interested in readingD. had fewer problems with listening67. We may infer from the last two paragraphs that ________.A. different teaching methods should be usedB. grammar-based teaching seems to be encouragingC. English courses are necessary for foreign studentsD. teaching content should be changed halfway.D Since my retirement(退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(風景畫) much influenced(影響) by Krenkel and St. John for five years. For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions. Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucious once said, 「At seventy I can follow my heart』s desire.」69. What is the text mainly aboutA. Learning to paint in later life. B. How to paint watercolorsC. An artist-turned teacher D. Life after retirement70. The author started drawing again in 1995 because_________.A. he hoped to draw a picture of his fatherB. he couldn』t stop missing his fatherC. he had more time after retirementD. he liked animals and landscapes71. We can infer from the text that the author__________.A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of severty72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artistA. Very enjoyable. B. A bit regretful C. Rather busy. D. Fairly ll.EPhillip Island Penguins(企鵝) The Little Penguin has called Phillip Island home for untold generations. Get to Phillip Island in plenty of time to watch s summer sunset at Summerland Beach – the stage is attractively set to see the little Penguin leave water and step onto land. Leave Melbourne at 5:30 pm for a direct journey to Phillip Island. See the Gippsland area – Guinness Book of Records place for the world』s longest earthworm(蚯蚓) Journey along the coastal highway around the Bay with French Island and Churchill Island in the distance Cross the bridge at San Remo to enter Phillip Island – natural home for Little Penguins and many animals Take your place in special viewing stands(看台) to watch the daily evening performance of the wild Little PenguinsUltimate Penguins (+U) Join a group of up to 15. This guided tour goes to an attractive, quiet beach to see Little Penguins. You can see penguins at night by wearing a special pair of glasses. Alt(成人) $60.00 Child $30.00Viewing Platform Penguin Plus (+V) More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stands. Alt $25.00 Child $12.50Penguin Skybox (+S) Join a group of only 5 in the comfort of a special, higher-up viewing tower. Gain an excellent overview of Summerland Beach. Alt 16yrs73. What kind of people is the text mainly written forA. Scientists. B. Students C. Tourists. D. Artists.74. We can learn from the text that Little Penguins__________.A. have been on Phillip Island for yearsB. keep a Guinness record for their sizeC. are trained to practice diving for visitorsD. live in large groups to protect themselves75. How much would a couple with one child pay for a closer viewing tourA. $37.50. B. $62.50. C. $180.00. D. $150.00.

5. 山東菏澤中考滿分是多少

為1000分。

語文、數學、英語、物理、化學、生物、政治、歷史、地理和信息技術可作為考試科目；理、化、生實驗操作、藝術、綜合實踐等可作為考查科目（省提供一套參考性試題）；體育與健康可根據《〈國家學生體質健康標准〉實施辦法》要求實施測試。

實施初中學生基礎性發展目標科學評價制度。基礎性發展目標評價要以《教育部關於積極推進中小學評價與考試制度改革的通知》（教基〔2002〕26號）中提出的道德品質、公民素養、學習能力、交流與合作、運動與健康、審美與表現等六個目標要求為基本依據。評價結果包括等級和綜合評語二個部分。等級可用優、良、中、差或A、B、C、D的形式表達。

(5)2014菏澤語文中考試題擴展閱讀：

山東菏澤中考的相關要求規定：

1、以學業考試取代升學考試。初中學生學業考試成績，既是九年義務教育的終結性考試，也是高中階段學校錄取新生的依據之一。實行學業考試制度後，各市應取消高中階段學校招生考試，初中學校也不得另行組織畢業考試。

2、以綜合素質評價結果為依據錄取新生。普通高中可以以學業考試成績為主，將學生基礎性發展目標評價等級作為重要參考錄取新生，也可以將學生基礎性發展目標評價等級作為高中錄取新生的限定條件。

3、擴大優質高中招生自主權。對辦學水平高、有特色、在當地能起示範作用的優質高中，教育行政部門應擴大其招生自主權，在學校招生總數中安排一定比例，由學校自主招生。取得招生自主權的學校，要制定自主招生工作方案，報上級教育行政部門批准後實施。

6. 2013年菏澤中考作文題目是寫好人生每一頁

是的，網址是回：答http://www.51test.net/zhongkao/shandong/heze/zw/

7. 2011菏澤中考物理試題及答案

2011年山東菏澤中考物理試題及參考答案（word版）
絕密★啟用前 試卷類型：A
山東省菏澤市2011 年初中學業水平測試
物 理 試 題
注意事項：
1．本試題共8頁，滿分為70分,考試時間為70分鍾。用鋼筆或圓珠筆直接答在試卷上。
2．答題前考生務必將密封線內的項目填寫清楚。
一、選擇題（本題包括8小題，每小題2分，共16分。每小題只有1個選項符合題意，把正確選項前面的字母填在題干後的括弧內，選對的得2分，多選、錯選均不得分）
1．了解社會，從了解自己開始，對於一名初中生來講，下面的說法中錯誤的是（ ）
A．他的質量大約是50 kg
B．他的身高大約是160 cm
C．他的密度大約是0.5×103 kg/m3
D．他的正常體溫大約是37 ℃
2．電視機等家用電器的開啟、關閉及頻道轉換，可以通過遙控器實現，遙控電視機的光是（ ）
A．紅光 B．紅外線 C．紫光 D．紫外線
3．物理就在我們身邊，自行車的設計者運用了很多物理知識，下列說法中錯誤的是（ ）
A．螺母下面墊一個墊圈，是為了增大壓強
B．車軸上裝有滾動軸承是為了減小摩擦
C．車輪的外胎做有凹凸花紋是為了增大摩擦
D.尾燈可以將從不同方向射向它的光反射，讓後面的人看到
4．「珍愛生命、注意安全」是同學們日常生活中必須具有的意識，
下列有關安全的說法，錯誤的是 （ ）
A．如果發生觸電事故，應立即切斷電源，然後施救
B．雷雨天，人不能在高處打傘行走，否則可能會被雷擊中
C．使用驗電筆時，手必須接觸筆尾金屬部分
D．洗衣機、電冰箱、電腦等許多家用電器均使用三腳插頭 與三孔插座連接，如圖2所示，在沒有三孔插座的情況下，可以把三腳插頭上最長的插頭去掉，插入二孔插座中使用用電器
5．量筒做得細而高，不做成粗而矮的形狀，如圖3所示，主要原因是 （ ）
A．細高的量筒便於操作
B．細高的量筒可以做出相對較大的底座，增加穩度
C．細高的量筒與粗矮的相比，相應的刻度間隔較大，能較准確地讀數
D．粗矮量筒中的液體較多，筒壁所受壓強較大，需用較厚的玻璃，因而不便讀數
6．2009年3月1日，「嫦娥一號」衛星准確落向月球預定撞擊點，為中國探月一期工程畫上了圓滿的句號。下列關於「嫦娥一號」的說法錯誤的是 （ ）
A．「嫦娥一號」在圍繞月球轉動時，運動狀態不變
B．地面對衛星的指令是通過電磁波傳遞的
C．「嫦娥一號」在月球表面受到的重力比在地球表面小
D．由於月球表面沒有空氣，所以聽不到撞擊聲
7．測繪人員繪制地圖時，需從高空向地面照相，若使用的相機鏡頭焦距為50 mm，則膠片到鏡頭的距離 （ ）
A． 大於100 mm B． 等於50 mm
C．小於50 mm D． 介於50 mm和100 mm之間
8．小明居住的帝都花園中有很多路燈，晚上沒有行人時，燈仍然亮著。他想：能不能在晚上沒有行人通過時，路燈能自動熄滅呢？通過查資料知道有一種「光控開關（天黑時自動閉合，天亮時自動斷開）；還有一種「聲控開關」（有聲音時自動閉合，一分鍾後，若再無聲音就自動斷開）。小明利用這兩種開關設計了一個「聰明」的電路：
（1）白天路燈不亮
（2）晚上有人走動發出聲音時，路燈自動亮起來，一分鍾後，若再無聲音就自動斷開
請判斷小明設計的電路圖是圖4中的 （ ）
二．填空題：（本大題包括6小題，每小題2分，共12分）
9．高壓鍋密封性能良好，用它煮食物時，水蒸汽不易外泄，從而 了鍋內的壓強（填「增大」或「減小」），使鍋內水的沸點 （填「升高」或「降低」）。
10．牲畜自動飲水器的示意圖，如圖5所示，飲水杯A、B、C的水位可以保持一定，便於牲畜飲用，設計者運用了 原理和 原理。
11．李軍同學在實驗室模擬「雲和雨的形成」，如圖6所示，請寫出整個過程主要的物態變化的名稱： 、
12. 如圖7所示電路，閉合開關時，發現燈泡L1、L2均不亮，電流表指針幾乎沒有偏轉。某同學用一根導線去查找電路故障：他將開關閉合，然後將導線並聯在L1兩端，發現L2亮，電流表指針發生偏轉，由此可知電路故障可能是（電流表的量程較大）
13．鄄城溫泉度假村利用地熱水供房間洗浴用水，請計算質量為100kg的地熱水，溫度從70℃降低到20℃，放出的熱量是 J
(c水=4.2×103J／(kg?℃)。
14．小聰一家去北京旅遊，在北京市郊公路的十字路口，他看到圖所示的交通標志牌，標志牌上的數字「40」表示的意思是 ，汽車在遵守交通規則的前提下，從此標志牌處勻速到達北京，最快需要 h。
三．作圖與實驗探究：（本題包括5個小題，共18分。按題目要求作答）
15．（2分）請在圖9中標出通電螺線管的N、S極。
16．（2分）如圖10所示，考古人員需要對一口古井進行清理，為了解決照明問題，請你幫他們把太陽光反射到井裡，並能垂直照亮井底。
17．（4分）探究「物體不受外力時的運動規律」，寫出三個必需的實驗器材： 、 ，這個實驗用到一個很重要的研究方法，是
18．（3分）利用如圖11（甲）所示實驗電路，探究「通過導體的電流跟電壓的關系」時：
（1）需要 個定值電阻。
（2）滑動變阻器的作用是
（3）利用實驗數據作出的I- U關系圖線，與圖11（乙）中的 最接近
19（6分）．很多同學有過疑問「聲音具有能量嗎？它具有的能量與聲音的響度和頻率是不是有關呢？」某同學對其中兩個問題進行探究，實驗裝置如圖12所示(圖丟失：八上40頁，圖3-1-12)：A為一個圓筒，它的一端用剪成圓片的挺直的紙（紙的中間剪一圓孔）粘牢，另一端用塑料薄膜包住並綳緊，用橡皮筋扎牢。B為一隻點燃的蠟燭。完成表中的內容
探 究 內 容「聲音是否具有能量」「聲能與響度是否有關」
小孔距燭焰的距離3cm
做 法
觀 察 內 容
為保證每次實驗聲音的頻率相同，你的做法是
四．計算題：（本題分2小題，共12分。解答應寫出必要的文字說明、方程式和重要演算步驟，只寫出最後答案的不能得分。有數值計算的，答案中必須明確寫出數值和單位）
20．（6分）體積為2 m3、密度為2.6 ×103 kg/m3的古代石像沉在河底，考古工作者用動滑輪將石像緩慢提升，如圖13所示，在沒有將石像提出水面前，若不計摩擦和滑輪重力，求：
（1）石像的重力
（2）石像在水中受到的浮力
（3）作用於繩端的拉力F
（4）若緩慢將石像提升3 m，拉力做的功是多少？
（g=10 N／kg）
21（6分）．浴霸是安裝在浴室內供取暖和照明的家用電器，某品牌浴霸的銘牌和簡化電路如圖14所示，L為照明燈，L1和L2是兩個功率均為275 W的紅外線取暖燈
額定電壓額定頻率額定功率
照明取暖
220V50HZ40W 550w
(1)浴霸工作時，為了使取暖功率達到最大值，應閉合的開關是
（2）照明燈工作時，它的電阻是多大？
（3）三燈同時正常工作半小時，消耗多少電能？
五．拓展應用：（本題包括3個小題，共13分，按題目要求作答）
22．（3分）示教板上面安裝兩個完全相同的燈泡，都能發光。在不看示教板背面電路連接，不用其他任何儀器的情況下，判斷它們是串聯還是並聯
方法現象結論
串聯
並聯
23．(4分)過去的100年裡，由於阿拉斯加和南極冰川的融化，全球海平面上升了20 cm，國際氣象組織認為：人類二氧化碳排放，是造成溫室效應最主要的罪魁禍首，如果二氧化碳排放不加以控制，到2100年，海平面將上升1 m；如果南極冰蓋全部融化，海平面要上升60 m左右，許多沿海地區將變成汪洋大海。據衛星觀測證實，近來已有3座巨型冰山先後脫離南極大陸漂流，其中最大一座面積相當於10個香港。
火力發電和汽車尾氣排放出大量二氧化碳，請你從以減少溫室效應的角度，就「發電業」和「汽車業」的未來發展，提出自己簡短的建議
（1）發電業
（2）汽車業
24．（6分）你可以把輪船改裝成「水下飛機」嗎？參照你對飛機的理解，完成下列問題：
（1）．為保證船員的生命安全，必須讓這個水下飛機在失去動力時自動浮上水面，艙體設計必須滿足的基本條件是：
（2）若沒有潛艇的「吸水和排水」裝置，如何讓水下飛機下沉呢？（要求：用簡短文字和簡圖說明你的設計）
（3）按照你的設計，水下飛機下潛時，會停留在需要的深度做水平前進嗎？要能控制水下飛機的下沉速度，並能讓它保持一定深度水平前進，你又將怎麼改變你的設計呢？（2分難）

8. 菏澤中考總分

2020年菏澤中考總分為710分。各科具體分值為：語文120分、數學120分、英語120分、物理70分、化學50分、生物50分，道德與法治50分、歷史50分、地理50分，音樂、美術、綜合實踐三項考查和綜合素質評價30分。

語文（含傳統文化）、數學、英語（含聽力）、物理、化學、生物、道德與法治、歷史、地理等學科作為初中學業水平考試的考試科目，採用實際分數和A、B、C、D四個等級表達。

等級確定辦法為：考試科目等級按照實際分數達到滿分的一定比例劃分為A、B、C、D四個等級。實際分數達到滿分的90%（其中語文、道德與法治達到85％）及其以上者，記錄為A等；

達到75%至89%（語文、道德與法治達到75%至84％）記錄為B等；達到60%至74%記錄為C等；59%及其以下記錄為D等，D等為不合格。

2020年中考受新冠肺炎疫情影響，2020年暫停信息技術、體育與健康、實驗操作技能3個科目統一考試，不作為2020年高中階段學校招生錄取依據。

聽力殘疾考生英語聽力免試工作按照《菏澤市教育局關於聽力殘疾學生參加初中學業水平考試免外語聽力考試的通知》（菏教基函〔2016〕2號）規定執行。

(8)2014菏澤語文中考試題擴展閱讀：

學業水平評價由初中學校組織實施。音樂、美術、綜合實踐等三學科作為初中學業水平考試的考查科目，由初中學校組織實施。考查科目成績以等級方式呈現，分A、B、C、D四個等級。

各科評價A等級人數比例原則上控制在學校年級總人數的30%─40%之間，D等級（不合格）人數比例不超過2%。綜合素質評價等級由各初中學校按市教育局《關於印發菏澤市初中學生綜合素質評價方案的通知》（菏教基字〔2016〕16號）要求進行評價。

各初中學校在組織綜合素質評價時，要實行陽光作業，做到公正、公平、公開。音樂、美術、綜合實踐三項考查按最高10分的分值計入招生總成績，總分值不超30分。考查、評價和成績上報工作須在6月30日前報局基教股。

9. 山東菏澤22中中考試題

您好，我看到抄您的問題很久沒有人來回答，但是問題過期無人回答會被扣分的並且你的懸賞分也會被沒收！所以我給你提幾條建議： 一，你可以選擇在正確的分類下去提問，這樣知道你問題答案的人才會多一些，回答的人也會多些。 二，您可以到與您問題相關專業網站論壇里去看看，那裡聚集了許多專業人才，一定可以為你解決問題的。 三，你可以向你的網上好友問友打聽，他們會更加真誠熱心為你尋找答案的，甚至可以到相關網站直接搜索. 四，網上很多專業論壇以及知識平台，上面也有很多資料，我遇到專業性的問題總是上論壇求解決辦法的。 五，將你的問題問的細一些，清楚一些！讓人更加容易看懂明白是什麼意思 ！ 謝謝採納我的建議!\\\